Sekolah Terpadu PAHOA 4th Grader
Student's Handout
Student's Handout
The Human Body.
for the complete subject, please click the link below :
Lesson objective :
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Understand what is meant by system.
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Understand that the different parts of a
system must work together for the system to work properly.
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Ability to draw a human skeletal system
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Explain what a skeletal system is made
of.
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List the functions of the skeletal
system.
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Explain what a muscular system is made
of.
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Explain what a joint is and joint names
in human skeleton.
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List ways to keep a healthy skeletal
system.
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List ways that may harm the skeletal
system.
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Practise good posture
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Identify parts of the eye and the ears.
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State that the different parts of the
tongue detect different tastes.
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Understand how sense organs work with
the brain.
1.1
What is a system?
The human body is a system as it
has many parts. For a system to work properly, all parts must work together. If
one part is missing or does not work, the system cannot work properly.
A
living thing can also be a system?
Think about yourself as a human
being. Are you made up of parts working together?
Our body has many different system
working, right at this very minute. As you are resting on your chair, your
skeleton, or in science, we call skeletal system, is protecting the soft parts
inside your body. Your muscles, which are part of the muscular system, are
pulling on the skeleton so that you can still sit upright.
Have you wondered what will happen if you have no skeletal
system?
That means you have no bones!
If you have no bones, can you stand or sit?
What will happen to you if you have no muscular system?
Bones cannot move on their
own. They move only when muscles pull on them.
1.2
Human Skeleton
The bones in our body make up the
skeletal system. Altogether there are 206 bones in our body. Actually we were born with 300 bones but many fuse together as a child grows up.
Bones are made of a hard substance and are not easily broken even when you have
had pretty bad falls. Like a stick, when you try to break it, it first bends a
little. But enough force, the stick will break. Bones will break if you fall
the wrong way from your bicycles or the playground equipment.
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The skeleton of the human body can be divided into
three parts which are the skull, the body skeleton, and the appendicular
skeleton.
Why
is the skeletal system important?
1. It supports the body and gives it its shape. That means when
someone accidentally steps on your foot, it will still look like your foot and
not be flattened or dented.
2. The skeletal system also protects important parts inside the
body. For example :
3. As a place for muscles and tendons to
cling to,
4.
As a place for
blood formation.
What
is a muscular system?
For
our body to move, the skeletal system works with another system. The system
name is Muscular system. Muscular system is made up all the muscles in our
body. Muscles are joined to bones. So when the muscles move, the bones move.
The muscular system includes all the muscles in your body.
The muscular system works with the skeletal system to allow the body to move.
The muscles are
joined to bones. When the muscles move, the bones move.
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Bend your arm like the man in the
picture beside. Feel your biceps muscle (upper arm). What happens to the
muscle? To bend your arm, the muscle in your arm contracts (get shorter). The movements of the muscle moves the
bones in the arm.
Skull
Our skull consists of many bones, such as :
The
anatomy of human skeleton
The body skeleton is divided into three segments which
are : the backbone, ribcage and sternum.
The total backbone are 33
bones, consisting of 7 cervical vertebrates bones, and 26 thoracic vertebrae
bones and the coccyx.
The upper thoracic
vertebrae are connected to the ribs. The rib is connected to the sternum at the
front. The
fusion between the backbone, rib and sternum makes up the ribcage.
On the upper ribcage, the shoulder is made up of the clavicle and the scapula.
The rib
cage consists of 24 ribs (2 sets of 12), which are attached to a long, flat
bone in the center of the chest called the sternum. The ribs are connected to
the sternum with a strong, somewhat flexible material called cartilage.
Appendicular skeleton is the skeleton that acts as our
movement tool consisting of a pair of arms and a pairs of leg. The upper
extremities skeleton consists of :
Joint
The hands and feet of the
human body can move easily because there are joint. The joint acts as a
connector between one bone to another bone. The surface of the edge of a bone
that meets the edge of another bone (ball and socket joint) is covered by a
soft bone called the cartilage.
Joint is the point where 2 or more bones meet.
Type of joints:
Science Activity
Exercise and experience
how joints work!
Students practice and discuss.
Activity:
a. Move
your head forward and backward and then rotate your head!
b.
Turn your left and right hands to the back.
c.
Lift your arms so that they are of the same level as
your shoulder, and then fold your arm at the elbow.
d.
Lift your left and right foot in turns.
e.
Hold and rotate your knees.
Question :
a. What
can you feel when doing the above exercise?
b.
Why can your body move?
c.
What causes your body to move?
Answer :
a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
1.3 Human Skeleton
Disease
1. Lordosis
Lordosis is defined as an excessive inward curve
of the spine. It differs from the spine's normal curves at the cervical,
thoracic, and lumbar regions. Lordosis is often also called swayback or sway
back.
2.
Kyphosis
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Kyphosis
is a forward rounding of your upper back. It can affect children, adolescents and adults.
3.
Scoliosis
